IS 1528 (Part 4) : 2012 Hkkjrh; ekud m"eklg lkefxz;ksa ds uewusa ysus dh vkSj HkkSfrd ijh{k.k i)fr;k¡ Hkkx 4 ?kuRo vorqZy nqxZyuh; mRiknksa ds vrIr nyu lkeFFkZ dk fu/kkZj.k ( nwljk iqujh{k.k ) Indian Standard METHODS OF SAMPLING AND PHYSICAL TESTS FOR REFRACTORY MATERIALS PART 4 DETERMINATION OF COLD CRUSHING STRENGTH OF DENSE SHAPED REFRACTORIES PRODUCTS ( Second Revision ) ICS 81.080 © BIS 2012 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 June 2012 Price Group 2 Refractories Sectional Committee, MTD 15 FOREWORD This Indian Standard (Part 4) (Second Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Refractories Sectional Committee had been approved by the Metallurgical Engineering Division Council. This standard was first published in 1962 and subsequently revised in 1974. This standard deals with the method of determination of cold crushing strength of dense shaped refractories products and the other parts in the series are: Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 5/ISO 5014 : 1986 Part 6 Part 7 Part 8 Part 9 Part 10 Part 11 Part 12/ISO 5016 : 1997 Part 13/ISO 12676 : 2000 Part 14 Part 15 Part 16/ISO 8894-2 : 1990 Part 17/ISO 8895 : 1986 Part 18/ISO 3187 : 1989 Part 19 Part 20/ISO 5103 : 1985 Part 21/ISO 8894-1 : 1987 Part 22/ISO 8841 : 1991 Determination of pyrometric cone equivalent (PCE) or softening point Determination of refractoriness under load Determination of spalling resistance Method for determination of modulus of rupture at ambient temperature of dense and insulating shaped refractory products Determination of permanent change after reheating Methods of sampling and criteria for conformity Determination of apparent porosity Determination of true density Determination of size of refractory bricks Determination of wrapage Method for determination of bulk density and true porosity of shaped insulating refractory products Determination of resistance to the disintegrating effect of carbon monoxide Sieve analysis Method for determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity of dense shaped refractory materials Determination of thermal conductivity according to the hot wire method (parallel) Determination of cold crushing strength of shaped insulating refractory products Determination of creep in compression Determination of thermal expansion Determination of modulus of rupture at elevated temperature Determination of thermal conductivity according to hot-wire method (cross-array) Method for determination of permeability to gases of dense shaped refractory products For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 `Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)'. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. IS 1528 (Part 4) : 2012 Indian Standard METHODS OF SAMPLING AND PHYSICAL TESTS FOR REFRACTORY MATERIALS PART 4 DETERMINATION OF COLD CRUSHING STRENGTH OF DENSE SHAPED REFRACTORIES PRODUCTS ( Second Revision ) 1 SCOPE This standard (Part 4) prescribes a method for determination of the cold compressive strength of dense shaped refractory products. 2 REFERENCES The following standards contain provisions, which through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision and parties to agreement based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below: IS No. 1528 (Part 7) : 2009 Title Methods of sampling and physical tests for refractory materials: Part 7 Methods of sampling and criteria for conformity (first revision) Glossary of terms relating to refractory material (first revision) The machine shall be capable of increasing the stress at a rate of 1.0 N/mm2/s, until the test piece is unable to support the load. The platens of machine shall, have a Rockwell hardness value between 58 HRC and 62 HRC; and b) be ground plane to flatness tolerance of 0.03 mm over the area to be in contact with the test piece. The upper platen shall function on a seating that will compensate for small deviations from parallelism between the platen and test piece. NOTE -- The platens should be replaceable to allow re-machining and should not be matted. a) 5.2 Vernier Caliper -- Vernier caliper with an accuracy of 0.1 mm shall be used. 5.3 Set Square 5.4 Drying Oven -- Capable of being controlled at 110 ± 5°C. Oven shall be fan assisted and shall have openings which permit efficient ventilation. 6 TEST SPECIMENS 6.1 A single test piece shall be taken from a standard brick test item, or a test item equal to or less than 2 000 cm 3 or two test pieces from shapes of a significantly larger volume. NOTE -- The number of test items should be in accordance with an agreed sampling plan. A minimum of five test piece is recommended. 4041 : 2006 3 TERMINOLOGY For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS 4041 shall apply. 4 PRINCIPLE A test piece of known dimensions is subjected, under specified conditions, to a steadily increasing compressive load until it fails, that is when it cannot support a further increase in load. The cold compressive strength is calculated from the maximum load indicated at failure and the mean cross-sectional area over which the load is applied. 5 APPARATUS 5.1 A mechanical or hydraulic compression testing machine, fitted with a measuring device capable of measuring the load exerted on the test piece to within ± 2 percent. 1 6.2 The size of test pieces shall be one of the following: Cubes; depending on the thickness of the brick. b) Cylinders; 50 ± 2 mm in height and 50 ± 2 mm in diameter. c) Standard brick (for example 230 mm × 114 mm × 76 mm or 230 mm × 114 mm × 64 mm) . In case of non availability of suitable machine half bricks can also be used. a) IS 1528 (Part 4) : 2012 d) For checker or similar shaped bricks the size of sample shall be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier. NOTE -- In case test piece size has not been specified, the sample size shall be in the order of (a) to (c) be selected. 6.5 The parallelism of the test pieces shall be checked by four measurements of the height, at the extremities of two perpendicular diameters. The difference between any two of these measurements shall not exceed 0.2 mm. 6.6 The perpendicularity shall be checked by placing the test piece on a plane surface and using a set square, placed against the side of the test piece, at four positions corresponding to the height measurements. The gap between the side of the test piece and the set square shall not exceed 0.5 mm. 6.7 The prepared test pieces shall be carefully dried to constant mass by placing them in a drying oven at 110 ± 5°C. They are then cooled to room temperature and kept away from moisture until the start of the test. 7 PROCEDURE 7.1 Measurement of Cylinders Measure two perpendicular diameters of each surface 6.3 Test pieces shall be cut or drilled from the test items. Test pieces containing cracks or visible defects on any of the surfaces shall be discarded and this shall be reported. 6.4 Both ends of the cylindrical test piece shall be made plane and parallel, grinding the surfaces where required. To ensure that the top and bottom ends of the test pieces are plane over their entire surface, each end shall in turn be pressed, with a load of 3 ± 1kN, onto a levelling plate which is lined with carbon or blue paper and hard filter paper (0.15 mm in thickness). Test pieces that do not show two complete clearly visible coloured impressions shall be reground. See Fig. 1 to 4 for examples. NOTE -- A steel straight-edge may be used to assist in checking the surfaces. Mortar will not be used to plane the surfaces. 1A Coarse Grained Brick Type 1B Fine Grained Brick Type F IG. 1 CARBON OR B LUE PAPER REPLICA: G OOD 2A Coarse Grained Brick Type 2B Fine Grained Brick Type FIG. 2 CARBON OR BLUE PAPER REPLICA: S TILL A DMISSIBLE 2 IS 1528 (Part 4) : 2012 3A Coarse Grained Brick Type 3B Fine Grained Brick Type F IG. 3 CARBON OR B LUE PAPER REPLICA: NOT A DMISSIBLE FIG. 4 CARBON OR BLUE PAPER REPLICA: NOT ADMISSIBLE BECAUSE GROOVES ARE VISIBLE AFTER SAWING OR GRINDING to within 0.1 mm. From the arithmetic mean of these four measurements, calculate the initial cross- sectional area A0. 7.2 Measurement of Cubes Two measurements of each side to within 0.1mm. From the arithmetic mean of these measurements, calculate the initial cross-sectional area A0. Place the test piece centrally between the platens of the machine with or without cellulose fibre board of thickness between 3 mm and 7 mm as per Fig. 5. Select the load range so that the expected load at failure is greater than 10 percent of the load range. Apply the load smoothly and continuously, increasing the stress at the rate of 1.0 ± 0.1 N/mm. Until the test piece fails, that is until it is unable to support the load. Record the maximum load indicated. 3 8 CALCULATION AND REPORT 8.1 The cold crushing strength shall be reported as calculated from the following formula: Cold crushing strength = W A0 where W = total maximum load, in N; and A0 = mean area, in mm2. 8.2 The size of the test specimen and the direction of the load applied should be mentioned in the test report. 9 SAMPLING CONFORMITY AND CRITERIA FOR The procedure for sampling and the criteria for conformity shall be as laid down in IS 1528 (Part 7). IS 1528 (Part 4) : 2012 Key 1 -- Platen of testing machine 3 -- Spherical bearing block 5 -- Centre of spherical surface 2 -- Spherical seat 4 -- Cellulose fibre board (optional) 6 -- Test specimen FIG. 5 C OMPRESSION TESTING MACHINE 4 Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. 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